Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Purification and Characterization of Avian β-Defensin 11, an Antimicrobial Peptide of the Hen Egg

doi: 10.1128/aac.00204-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 2. Multicharged-ion spectra for intact AvBD11. Spectra (zoomed on multicharged species) were obtained with nano ESI-Q-TOF MS with reflector W mode (resolution R 15,000) from intact AvBD11 purified by reverse-phase HPLC. The monoisotopic molecular mass of the mature AvBD11 was observed at m/z 1,159.83, 1,325.36, and 1,546.09, respectively, for the (8), (7), and (6) charge states. The monocharged molecular species [M H] was calculated and determined at 9,271.56 0.12 Da.

Article Snippet: The antimicrobial peptides MSI-94 and AvBD103b were used as controls, and similar MICs were observed for AvBD11 against S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 and S. Typhimurium.

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Purification and Characterization of Avian β-Defensin 11, an Antimicrobial Peptide of the Hen Egg

doi: 10.1128/aac.00204-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 3. C and N termini of the sequence of AvBD11 extracted from vitelline membrane. Shown is an MS-MS spectrum obtained by collision-induced dissociation with nano ESI-Q-TOF MS from intact AvBD11 without prior reduction or alkylation. The precursor ion had an m/z of 1,325.5 in charge state 7. The N-terminal sequence LPRDTSR, determined by manual interpretation, was essentially obtained by six consecutive b ions (b2 to b7), and the C-terminal sequence KEI was confirmed by three y ions (y1 to y3). Single letters indicate immonium ions.

Article Snippet: The antimicrobial peptides MSI-94 and AvBD103b were used as controls, and similar MICs were observed for AvBD11 against S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 and S. Typhimurium.

Techniques: Sequencing, Membrane, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Purification and Characterization of Avian β-Defensin 11, an Antimicrobial Peptide of the Hen Egg

doi: 10.1128/aac.00204-10

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 4. AvBD11 antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. (A) Dose-response of AvBD11 and its inhibitory effect on L. monocy- togenes, reflected by the size of the inhibition zone (expressed in units, with 1 U equal to 1 mm, and calculated as the diameter in mm of the clear zone on the plate minus the diameter in mm of the well). (B) The best-fit straight line was determined by linear regression. The MIC of AvBD11 against L. monocytogenes was calculated by finding the intersection of the line with the x axis, indicating the lowest peptide concentration at which no clear zone was detected.

Article Snippet: The antimicrobial peptides MSI-94 and AvBD103b were used as controls, and similar MICs were observed for AvBD11 against S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 and S. Typhimurium.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition, Concentration Assay

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antioxidant activity of wormwood ethanolic aerial parts, depending on the year of vegetation.

Article Snippet: The MBC of the A. annua L. ethanolic extract ranged from 5.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114).

Techniques: Antioxidant Activity Assay

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amounts of polyphenolic compounds in wormwood ethanolic aerial extracts (µg/mL).

Article Snippet: The MBC of the A. annua L. ethanolic extract ranged from 5.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114).

Techniques:

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration values of the wormwood ethanolic extracts from different growing years.

Article Snippet: The MBC of the A. annua L. ethanolic extract ranged from 5.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Artemisia Species

doi: 10.3390/antiox12030596

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition zones induced by wormwood against bacterial strains (mm).

Article Snippet: The MBC of the A. annua L. ethanolic extract ranged from 5.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL (against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114) to 375.00 ± 0.014 mg/mL AbS1 (against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. enteritidis ATCC 13076, and L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial test against 60 bacterial strains.

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Growth curves of E. coli cultured with the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Weissella sp. SNUL2 at pH 4 (A), pH 5 (B), and pH 6 (C) are represented by open red squares, while the control group, E. coli cultured without CFS treatment, is depicted by open black circles. Each value represents the average of individual fermentations; error bars indicate standard deviations. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473. Open black circles: Control (pH 6), open black triangles: + L2 CFS (pH 6), open red squares: Control (pH 4), open inverted red triangles: + L2 CFS (pH 4), open blue diamonds: + duramycin. All values indicate the average of each fermentation, and error bars depict standard deviations. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against beneficial microbes such as (A) Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KCTC3108, (B) Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC3100, (C) Latilactobacillus sakei KCTC3598, and (D) Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC393. Open black circles: Control, open red squares: + L2 CFS, open blue triangles: + Nisin. All values indicate the average of each fermentation, and error bars depict standard deviations. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of the antibacterial substances from Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS. (A) Broth microdilution assay of six indicator strains added to Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS and its growth curve. Yellow boxes represent the minimum inhibition concentration of Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS. (B) Time-kill assay of E. coli using Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS incubated at different times. Open black circles: Control, open black squares: E. coli with CFS incubated for 4 h, open green triangles: E. coli with CFS incubated for 8 h, open inverted yellow triangles: E. coli with CFS incubated for 12 h, closed blue diamonds: E. coli with CFS incubated for 16 h; black x symbols: E. coli with CFS incubated for 20 h; open red squares: E. coli with CFS incubated for 24 h. (C) Growth curve for E. coli co-cultured with CFS from Weissella sp. SNUL2 with two proteinases. Open black circles: Control, open red squares: E. coli with Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS, open green triangles: E. coli with Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS after trypsin treatment, open inverted blue triangles: E. coli with Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS after pepsin treatment. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Microdilution Assay, Inhibition, Concentration Assay, Time-Kill Assay, Incubation, Control, Cell Culture

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition zones of pathogens treated with CFS from Weissella sp. SNUL2 using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion test. Inhibition zones are observed for (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, (C) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC 2473, (D) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (E) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, and (F) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 when treated with CFS from Weissella sp. SNUL2. Control (C): Pathogens cultured without CFS; + L2 CFS: Pathogens cultured with CFS from Weissella sp. SNUL2.

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Inhibition, Diffusion-based Assay, Control, Cell Culture

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Weissella sp. SNUL2 as potential probiotics with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28481

Figure Lengend Snippet: Purification and identification of the antibiotic substances from Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS (A) Experimental design for the ethyl acetate extraction of Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS. (B) Inhibition zone (mm) created by three different CFSs from Weissella sp. SNUL2 following treatment of indicator pathogens. Normal CFS (left), aqueous layer of ethyl acetate extracted CFS (center), aqueous layer of ethyl acetate extracted CFS (2 × , right). (C) Upper panel: gel filtration elution profile of partially purified antibiotic substances from a Sephadex G-50 column equilibrated with 30 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0). Lower panel: inhibition zone (mm) against pathogens treated fraction from partially purified antimicrobial substances from Weissella sp. SNUL2 CFS by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. (D) Inhibition zone (mm) of ion-exchanged CFS from Weissella sp. SNUL2 eluted according to the concentration gradient of the elution buffer by ion-exchange chromatography. To elute the desired fraction, six types of elution buffers were used according to the concentration gradient of NaCl: 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer +100 mM NaCl, 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer +200 mM NaCl, 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer +400 mM NaCl, 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer +600 mM NaCl, 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer +800 mM NaCl, and 5 mM sodium phosphate buffer +1 M NaCl. The red arrow indicates elution buffers with the strong inhibition zone (mm) of each agar plate. (E) An example of MS/MS fragmentation of WVSQWGNK found in L2_1_01888. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Antibacterial activities of CFS obtained from Weissella sp. SNUL2 against (A) Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, (B) Bacillus cereus ATCC14579, (C) Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, (D) Salmonella enterica ATCC 43971, (E) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and (F) Vibrio fluvialis KCTC2473.

Techniques: Purification, Extraction, Inhibition, Filtration, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay, Ion Exchange Chromatography, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

Journal: Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis

Article Title: Characterization of cytochrome P450s (CYP)-overexpressing HepG2 cells for assessing drug and chemical-induced liver toxicity

doi: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1880242

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of CYP gene expressions in HepG2, HepG2-empty vector, CYP-overexpressing HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes.

Article Snippet: Depending on the proteins of interest, antibodies were selected against CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, and Myc, followed by an incubation with a secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Expressing

Journal: Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis

Article Title: Characterization of cytochrome P450s (CYP)-overexpressing HepG2 cells for assessing drug and chemical-induced liver toxicity

doi: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1880242

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of CYP gene expressions in CYP-overexpressing HepG2 cells and HepaRG cells.

Article Snippet: Depending on the proteins of interest, antibodies were selected against CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, and Myc, followed by an incubation with a secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).

Techniques: Expressing